java.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,F

CyclicBarrier

CyclicBarrier是用来一个关卡来阻挡住所有线程,等所有线程全部执行到关卡处时,再统一执行下一步操作。假设一个场景:每个线程代表一个跑步运动员,当运动员都准备好后,才一起出发,只要有一个人没有准备好,大家就等待 。

代码示例:

java.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,Fjava.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,F
public class UseCyclicBarrier {

    static class Runner implements Runnable {  
        private CyclicBarrier barrier;  
        private String name;  
        
        public Runner(CyclicBarrier barrier, String name) {  
            this.barrier = barrier;  
            this.name = name;  
        }  
        @Override  
        public void run() {  
            try {  
                Thread.sleep(1000 * (new Random()).nextInt(5));  
                System.out.println(name + " 准备OK.");  
                barrier.await();  
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
            System.out.println(name + " Go!!");  
        }  
    } 
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {  
        CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(3);  //
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);  
        
        executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "zhangsan")));  
        executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "lisi")));  
        executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "wangwu")));  
  
        executor.shutdown();  
    }  
  
}
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结果:只有都准备OK了以后才继续执行await后面的代码

wangwu 准备OK.
lisi 准备OK.
zhangsan 准备OK.
zhangsan Go!!
lisi Go!!
wangwu Go!!

CountDownLacth

CountDownLatch是一个计数器闭锁,主要的功能就是通过await()方法来阻塞住当前线程,然后等待计数器减少到0了,再唤起这些线程继续执行。常用于监听某些初始化操作,等待初始化执行完毕后,通知主线程继续工作。

代码示例:

java.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,Fjava.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,F
public class UseCountDownLatch {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        final CountDownLatch countDown = new CountDownLatch(2);
        
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    System.out.println("进入线程t1" + "等待其他线程处理完成...");
                    countDown.await();
                    System.out.println("t1线程继续执行...");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"t1");
        
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    System.out.println("t2线程进行初始化操作...");
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                    System.out.println("t2线程初始化完毕,通知t1线程继续...");
                    countDown.countDown();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    System.out.println("t3线程进行初始化操作...");
                    Thread.sleep(4000);
                    System.out.println("t3线程初始化完毕,通知t1线程继续...");
                    countDown.countDown();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}
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结果:

t2线程进行初始化操作...
t3线程进行初始化操作...
进入线程t1等待其他线程处理完成...
t2线程初始化完毕,通知t1线程继续...
t3线程初始化完毕,通知t1线程继续...
t1线程继续执行...

CyclicBarrier和CountDownLatch的区别

CountDownLacth的计数器只能使用一次,而CyclicBarrier的计数器可以使用reset方法重置。所以CyclicBarrier能处理更为复杂的业务场景。例如,若计算发生错误,可以重置计数器,并让线程重新执行一次。

CyclicBarrier还提供其他有用的方法,比如getNumberWaiting方法可以获得CyclicBarrier阻塞的线程数量。isBroken()方法用来了解阻塞的线程是否被中断。

Semaphore

Semaphore与CountDownLatch相似,不同的地方在于Semaphore的值被获取到后是可以释放的,并不像CountDownLatch那样一直减到底。它也被更多地用来限制流量,类似阀门的 功能。如果限定某些资源最多有N个线程可以访问,那么超过N个主不允许再有线程来访问,同时当现有线程结束后,就会释放,然后允许新的线程进来。有点类似于锁的lock与 unlock过程。相对来说他也有两个主要的方法:

  1. 用于获取权限的acquire(),其底层实现与CountDownLatch.countdown()类似;
  2. 用于释放权限的release(),其底层实现与acquire()是一个互逆的过程。

代码层面的限流策略

Semaphore sema = new Semaphore(5);//这里的5就表示最多接受5个线程。

sema.aquire();//获取授权

代码块;

sema.release();//释放

代码示例:

java.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,Fjava.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,F
public class UseSemaphore {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        // 线程池  
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  
        // 只能5个线程同时访问  
        final Semaphore semp = new Semaphore(5);  
        // 模拟20个客户端访问  
        for (int index = 0; index < 20; index++) {  
            final int NO = index;  
            Runnable run = new Runnable() {  
                public void run() {  
                    try {  
                        // 获取许可  
                        semp.acquire();  
                        System.out.println("Accessing: " + NO);  
                        //模拟实际业务逻辑
                        Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));  
                        // 访问完后,释放  
                        semp.release();  
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                    }  
                }  
            };  
            exec.execute(run);  
        } 
        
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        //System.out.println(semp.getQueueLength());
        
        // 退出线程池  
        exec.shutdown();  
    }  
}
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Future

它的原理在之前介绍过了,下面看下concurrent包下的Future是怎么用的?

代码示例:

java.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,Fjava.util.concurrent常用类(CountDownLatch,Semaphore,CyclicBarrier,F
public class UseFuture implements Callable<String>{
    private String para;
    
    public UseFuture(String para){
        this.para = para;
    }
    
    /**
     * 这里是真实的业务逻辑,其执行可能很慢
     */
    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        //模拟执行耗时
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        String result = this.para + "处理完成";
        return result;
    }
    
    //主控制函数
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String queryStr = "query";
        //构造FutureTask,并且传入需要真正进行业务逻辑处理的类,该类一定是实现了Callable接口的类
        FutureTask<String> future = new FutureTask<String>(new UseFuture(queryStr));
        
        FutureTask<String> future2 = new FutureTask<String>(new UseFuture(queryStr));
        //创建一个固定线程的线程池且线程数为1,
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        //这里提交任务future,则开启线程执行RealData的call()方法执行
        //submit和execute的区别: 第一点是submit可以传入实现Callable接口的实例对象, 第二点是submit方法有返回值
        
        Future f1 = executor.submit(future);        //单独启动一个线程去执行的
        Future f2 = executor.submit(future2);
        System.out.println("请求完毕");
        
        try {
            //这里可以做额外的数据操作,也就是主程序执行其他业务逻辑
            System.out.println("处理实际的业务逻辑...");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //调用获取数据方法,如果call()方法没有执行完成,则依然会进行等待
        System.out.println("数据:" + future.get());
        System.out.println("数据:" + future2.get());
        
        executor.shutdown();
    }

}
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