用nodejs搭建websocket服务器

 简单开始

1.安装node。https://nodejs.org/en/ 

2.安装ws模块

ws:是nodejs的一个WebSocket库,可以用来创建服务。 https://github.com/websockets/ws

用nodejs搭建websocket服务器

3.server.js

在项目里面新建一个server.js,创建服务,指定8181端口,将收到的消息log出来。

var WebSocketServer = require('ws').Server,
wss = new WebSocketServer({ port: 8181 });
wss.on('connection', function (ws) {
  console.log('client connected');
  ws.on('message', function (message) {
    console.log(message);
  });
});

4.建立一个client.html。

在页面上建立一个WebSocket的连接。用send方法发送消息。

var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8181");
  ws.onopen = function (e) {
    console.log('Connection to server opened');
  }
  function sendMessage() {
    ws.send($('#message').val());
  }

页面: 

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  <title>WebSocket Echo Demo</title>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
  <link href="../bootstrap-3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  <script src="../js/jquery-1.12.3.min.js"></script>
  <script src="../js/jquery-1.12.3.min.js"></script>
  <script src="../bootstrap-3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  <script>
  var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8181");
  ws.onopen = function (e) {
    console.log('Connection to server opened');
  }
  function sendMessage() {
    ws.send($('#message').val());
  }
  </script>
</head>

<body >
  <div class="vertical-center">
    <div class="container">
      <p> </p>
      <form role="form" id="chat_form" onsubmit="sendMessage(); return false;">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input class="form-control" type="text" name="message" id="message"
              placeholder="Type text to echo in here" value="" />
        </div>
        <button type="button" id="send" class="btn btn-primary"
            onclick="sendMessage();">
          Send!
        </button>
      </form>
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

运行之后如下,服务端即时获得客户端的消息。

用nodejs搭建websocket服务器

模拟股票

上面的例子很简单,只是为了演示如何运用nodejs的ws创建一个WebSocket服务器。且可以接受客户端的消息。那么下面这个例子演示股票的实时更新。客服端只需要连接一次,服务器端会不断地发送新数据,客户端收数据后更新UI.页面如下,有五只股票,开始和停止按钮测试连接和关闭。

用nodejs搭建websocket服务器

 服务端:

 1.模拟五只股票的涨跌。

var stocks = {
  "AAPL": 95.0,
  "MSFT": 50.0,
  "AMZN": 300.0,
  "GOOG": 550.0,
  "YHOO": 35.0
}
function randomInterval(min, max) {
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1) + min);
}
var stockUpdater;
var randomStockUpdater = function() {
  for (var symbol in stocks) {
    if(stocks.hasOwnProperty(symbol)) {
      var randomizedChange = randomInterval(-150, 150);
      var floatChange = randomizedChange / 100;
      stocks[symbol] += floatChange;
    }
  }
  var randomMSTime = randomInterval(500, 2500);
  stockUpdater = setTimeout(function() {
    randomStockUpdater();
  }, randomMSTime);
}
randomStockUpdater();

2.连接建立之后就开始更新数据

wss.on('connection', function (ws) {
  var sendStockUpdates = function (ws) {
    if (ws.readyState == 1) {
      var stocksObj = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < clientStocks.length; i++) {
       var symbol = clientStocks[i];
        stocksObj[symbol] = stocks[symbol];
      }
      if (stocksObj.length !== 0) {
        ws.send(JSON.stringify(stocksObj));//需要将对象转成字符串。WebSocket只支持文本和二进制数据
        console.log("更新", JSON.stringify(stocksObj));
      }
      
    }
  }
  var clientStockUpdater = setInterval(function () {
    sendStockUpdates(ws);
  }, 1000);
  ws.on('message', function (message) {
    var stockRequest = JSON.parse(message);//根据请求过来的数据来更新。
    console.log("收到消息", stockRequest);
    clientStocks = stockRequest['stocks'];
    sendStockUpdates(ws);
  });

客户端:

建立连接:

var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8181");

onopen直接只有在连接成功后才会触发,在这个时候将客户端需要请求的股票发送给服务端。

var isClose = false;
  var stocks = {
    "AAPL": 0, "MSFT": 0, "AMZN": 0, "GOOG": 0, "YHOO": 0
  };
  function updataUI() {
    ws.onopen = function (e) {
      console.log('Connection to server opened');
      isClose = false;
      ws.send(JSON.stringify(stock_request));
      console.log("sened a mesg");
    }
    //更新UI
    var changeStockEntry = function (symbol, originalValue, newValue) {
      var valElem = $('#' + symbol + ' span');
      valElem.html(newValue.toFixed(2));
      if (newValue < originalValue) {
        valElem.addClass('label-danger');
        valElem.removeClass('label-success');
      } else if (newValue > originalValue) {
        valElem.addClass('label-success');
        valElem.removeClass('label-danger');
      }
    }
    // 处理受到的消息
    ws.onmessage = function (e) {
      var stocksData = JSON.parse(e.data);
      console.log(stocksData);
      for (var symbol in stocksData) {
        if (stocksData.hasOwnProperty(symbol)) {
          changeStockEntry(symbol, stocks[symbol], stocksData[symbol]);
          stocks[symbol] = stocksData[symbol];
        }
      }
    };
  }

  updataUI();

运行效果如下:只需要请求一次,数据就会不断的更新,效果是不是很赞,不用轮询,也不用长连接那么麻烦了。文章末尾会附上所有源码。

(美股的涨跌和A股的颜色是反的,即红跌绿涨)

用nodejs搭建websocket服务器

实时聊天

上面的例子是连接建立之后,服务端不断给客户端发送数据。接下来例子是一个简单的聊天室类的例子。可以建立多个连接。

1.安装node-uuid模块,用来给每个连接一个唯一号。

用nodejs搭建websocket服务器

2.服务端消息发送

消息类型分notification和message两种,前者是提示信息,后者是聊天内容。消息还包含一个id、昵称和消息内容。在上一节有学习到readyState有四个值,OPEN表示连接建立可以发送消息。如果页面关闭了,为WebSocket.CLOSE。

function wsSend(type, client_uuid, nickname, message) {
  for (var i = 0; i < clients.length; i++) {
    var clientSocket = clients[i].ws;
    if (clientSocket.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
      clientSocket.send(JSON.stringify({
        "type": type,
        "id": client_uuid,
        "nickname": nickname,
        "message": message
      }));
    }
  }
}

3.服务端处理连接

每新增加一个连接,都会发送一条匿名用户的加入的提示消息,如果消息中带有“/nick” 认为这一个修改昵称的消息。然后更新客户端的昵称。其他都会当做聊天消息处理。

wss.on('connection', function(ws) {
  var client_uuid = uuid.v4();
  var nickname = "AnonymousUser" + clientIndex;
  clientIndex += 1;
  clients.push({ "id": client_uuid, "ws": ws, "nickname": nickname });
  console.log('client [%s] connected', client_uuid);
  var connect_message = nickname + " has connected";
  wsSend("notification", client_uuid, nickname, connect_message);
  console.log('client [%s] connected', client_uuid);
  ws.on('message', function(message) {
    if (message.indexOf('/nick') === 0) {
      var nickname_array = message.split(' ');
      if (nickname_array.length >= 2) {
        var old_nickname = nickname;
        nickname = nickname_array[1];
        var nickname_message = "Client " + old_nickname + " changed to " + nickname;
        wsSend("nick_update", client_uuid, nickname, nickname_message);
      }
    } else {
      wsSend("message", client_uuid, nickname, message);
    }
  });

处理连接关闭:

var closeSocket = function(customMessage) {
    for (var i = 0; i < clients.length; i++) {
      if (clients[i].id == client_uuid) {
        var disconnect_message;
        if (customMessage) {
          disconnect_message = customMessage;
        } else {
          disconnect_message = nickname + " has disconnected";
        }
        wsSend("notification", client_uuid, nickname, disconnect_message);
        clients.splice(i, 1);
      }
    }
  };
  ws.on('close', function () {
    closeSocket();
  });

4.客户端

 没有启动时,页面如下,change按钮用来修改昵称。

用nodejs搭建websocket服务器

<div class="vertical-center">
    <div class="container">
      <ul id="messages" class="list-unstyled"></ul>
      <hr/>
      <form role="form" id="chat_form" onsubmit="sendMessage(); return false;">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input class="form-control" type="text" id="message" name="message"
              placeholder="Type text to echo in here" value="" autofocus/>
        </div>
        <button type="button" id="send" class="btn btn-primary"
            onclick="sendMessage();">
          Send Message
        </button>

      </form>
      <div class="form-group"><span>nikename:</span><input id="name" type="text" /> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-info" onclick="changName();">change</button></div>
    </div>
  </div>

js:

//建立连接
    var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8181");
    var nickname = "";
    ws.onopen = function (e) {
      console.log('Connection to server opened');
    }
    //显示
    function appendLog(type, nickname, message) {
      if (typeof message == "undefined") return;
      var messages = document.getElementById('messages');
      var messageElem = document.createElement("li");
      var preface_label;
      if (type === 'notification') {
        preface_label = "<span class=\"label label-info\">*</span>";
      } else if (type == 'nick_update') {
        preface_label = "<span class=\"label label-warning\">*</span>";
      } else {
        preface_label = "<span class=\"label label-success\">"
        + nickname + "</span>";
      }
      var message_text = "<h2>" + preface_label + "  "
      + message + "</h2>";
      messageElem.innerHTML = message_text;
      messages.appendChild(messageElem);
    }
    //收到消息处理
    ws.onmessage = function (e) {
      var data = JSON.parse(e.data);
      nickname = data.nickname;
      appendLog(data.type, data.nickname, data.message);
      console.log("ID: [%s] = %s", data.id, data.message);
    }
    ws.onclose = function (e) {
      appendLog("Connection closed");
      console.log("Connection closed");
    }
    //发送消息
    function sendMessage() {
      var messageField = document.getElementById('message');
      if (ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
        ws.send(messageField.value);
      }
      messageField.value = '';
      messageField.focus();
    }
    //修改名称
    function changName() {
      var name = $("#name").val();
      if (ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
        ws.send("/nick " + name);
      }
    }

 运行结果:

 页面关闭之后,连接马上断开。

用nodejs搭建websocket服务器

 这种实时响应的体验简直不能太爽,代码也清爽了,前端体验也更好,客户端不用一直发请求,服务端不用等着被轮询。

 小结:上面例子的代码都很好理解,接下来学习WebSocket协议。

demo下载:http://xiazai.jb51.net/201701/yuanma/websocket_jb51.rar

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持安科网。

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