django权限验证装饰器
1、模型定义User
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def _create_user(self , telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
if not telephone:
raise ValueError("必须要传递手机号码！")
if not password:
raise ValueError("必须要传递密码")
user = self.model( telephone = telephone, username= username , **kwargs)
user.set_password( password )
user.save()
return user
def create_user(self, telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
kwargs[‘is_superuser‘] = False
return self._create_user( telephone = telephone, username=username, password = password, **kwargs )
def create_superuser(self, telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
kwargs[‘is_superuser‘] = True
return self._create_user( telephone = telephone, username=username, password = password, **kwargs )
class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
email = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
username = models.CharField(max_length=100)
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
USERNAME_FIELD = "telephone" #USERNAME_FIELD作用，是执行authenticate验证， username参数传入后，实际校验的是telephone字段
REQUIRED_FIELDS = []
objects = UserManager()
def get_full_name(self):
return self.username
def get_short_name(self):
return self.username
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
content = models.TextField()
# author = models.ForeignKey( User, on_delete= models.CASCADE )
#get_user_model()会自动获取settings.py里面 AUTH_USER_MODEL，这样不管你定义的那个User，都可以自动获取，更安全
author = models.ForeignKey(get_user_model(), on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class Meta:
permissions =[
(‘view_article‘, ‘看文章的权限！‘),
]2 app01/views.py视图里面，进行权限限制
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, reverse,redirect
from django.db import connection
from app01.models import User, Article
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required
from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission, ContentType
from app01.forms import LoginForm
def test(request):
#创建用户
User.objects.create_user( telephone="15555655555", password="555555", username="zhiliao5" )
#用认证
# user = authenticate(request, username="15555655555", password="555555")
# if user:
# print(user.username)
# print("验证成功！")
# else:
# print("验证失败！")
return HttpResponse("继承AbstractUser扩展用户")
def my_login(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, "login.html")
else:
print("提交的数据为："); print(request.POST)
form = LoginForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
telephone = form.cleaned_data.get("telephone")
password = form.cleaned_data.get("password")
remember = form.cleaned_data.get("remember")
user = authenticate(request, username =telephone, password=password)
if user and user.is_active:
login(request, user)
if remember:
request.session.set_expiry(None)
else:
request.session.set_expiry(0)
#判断是否有next跳转地址
if request.GET.get("next"):
return redirect( request.GET.get("next") )
return HttpResponse("登录成功！")
else:
return HttpResponse("手机号码或者密码错误！")
else:
print(form.errors)
return redirect( reverse("login") )
def my_logout(request):
logout(request)
return HttpResponse("成功退出")
@login_required(login_url="/login/")
def profile(request):
return HttpResponse("这是个人中心，只有登录了以后才能查看到！")
#添加权限
def add_permission(request):
content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model( Article)
permission = Permission.objects.create( codename="black_article", name="拉黑文章", content_type=content_type )
return HttpResponse("权限创建成功")
#用户与权限
def operate_permission(request):
user = User.objects.first()
content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Article)
permissions = Permission.objects.filter( content_type = content_type )
for permission in permissions:
print(permission)
#set([])添加权限
user.user_permissions.set(permissions)
#清空权限
# user.user_permissions.clear()
#add(*[])添加权限
# user.user_permissions.add(* permissions)
#remove(*[])删除权限
# user.user_permissions.remove(*permissions)
if user.has_perm(‘app01.view_article‘):
print("这个用户拥有view_article权限")
else:
print("这个用户没有view_article权限")
print( user.get_all_permissions())
return HttpResponse("操作权限的视图！")
#权限限制
# def add_article(request):
# if request.user.is_authenticated:
# print("已经登录了")
# if request.user.has_perm(‘app01.add_article‘):
# return HttpResponse("这是添加文章的页面！")
# else:
# return HttpResponse("您没有访问页面的权限！", status=403)
# else:
# return redirect( reverse("login"))
#permission_required做了两件事
#1.如果没有登录，会跳转到登录页面
#2.如果没有权限，通过 raise_exception=True，会显示 403 Forbidden错误页面
@permission_required( ‘app01.add_article‘, login_url=‘/login/‘, raise_exception=True)
def add_article(request):
return HttpResponse("这是添加文章的页面！")3、配置路由
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views as app01_views
urlpatterns = [
path(‘admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
path("test/", app01_views.test),
path("login/", app01_views.my_login, name = "login"),
path("logout/", app01_views.my_logout, name = "logout"),
path("profile/", app01_views.profile, name="profile"),
path("add_permission/", app01_views.add_permission, name="add_permission" ),
path("oper_permission/", app01_views.operate_permission, name="oper_permission" ),
path("add_article/", app01_views.add_article, name="add_article" ),
]4、访问add_article，没有登录，会跳转到l “ login/ ”；登录后，但是没有权限，效果如下：
