Golang学习之平滑重启

在上一篇博客介绍TOML配置的时候,讲到了通过信号通知重载配置。我们在这一篇中介绍下如何的平滑重启server。

与重载配置相同的是我们也需要通过信号来通知server重启,但关键在于平滑重启,如果只是简单的重启,只需要kill掉,然后再拉起即可。平滑重启意味着server升级的时候可以不用停止业务。

我们先来看下Github上有没有相应的库解决这个问题,然后找到了如下三个库:

  • facebookgo/grace - Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.
  • fvbock/endless - Zero downtime restarts for go servers (Drop in replacement for http.ListenAndServe)
  • jpillora/overseer - Monitorable, gracefully restarting, self-upgrading binaries in Go (golang)

我们分别来学习一下,下面只讲解http server的重启。

使用方式

我们来分别使用这三个库来做平滑重启的事情,之后来对比其优缺点。

这三个库的官方都给了相应的例子,例子如下:

但三个库官方的例子不太一致,我们来统一一下:

我们参考官方的例子分别来写下用来对比的例子:

grace

package main

import (
  "time"
  "net/http"
  "github.com/facebookgo/grace/gracehttp"
)

func main() {
  gracehttp.Serve(
    &http.Server{Addr: ":5001", Handler: newGraceHandler()},
    &http.Server{Addr: ":5002", Handler: newGraceHandler()},
  )
}

func newGraceHandler() http.Handler {
  mux := http.NewServeMux()
  mux.HandleFunc("/sleep", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    duration, err := time.ParseDuration(r.FormValue("duration"))
    if err != nil {
      http.Error(w, err.Error(), 400)
      return
    }
    time.Sleep(duration)
    w.Write([]byte("Hello World"))
  })
  return mux
}

endless

package main

import (
  "log"
  "net/http"
  "os"
  "sync"
  "time"

  "github.com/fvbock/endless"
  "github.com/gorilla/mux"
)

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  duration, err := time.ParseDuration(r.FormValue("duration"))
  if err != nil {
    http.Error(w, err.Error(), 400)
    return
  }
  time.Sleep(duration)
  w.Write([]byte("Hello World"))
}

func main() {
  mux1 := mux.NewRouter()
  mux1.HandleFunc("/sleep", handler)

  w := sync.WaitGroup{}
  w.Add(2)
  go func() {
    err := endless.ListenAndServe(":5003", mux1)
    if err != nil {
      log.Println(err)
    }
    log.Println("Server on 5003 stopped")
    w.Done()
  }()
  go func() {
    err := endless.ListenAndServe(":5004", mux1)
    if err != nil {
      log.Println(err)
    }
    log.Println("Server on 5004 stopped")
    w.Done()
  }()
  w.Wait()
  log.Println("All servers stopped. Exiting.")

  os.Exit(0)
}

overseer

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "net/http"
  "time"

  "github.com/jpillora/overseer"
)

//see example.sh for the use-case

// BuildID is compile-time variable
var BuildID = "0"

//convert your 'main()' into a 'prog(state)'
//'prog()' is run in a child process
func prog(state overseer.State) {
  fmt.Printf("app#%s (%s) listening...\n", BuildID, state.ID)
  http.Handle("/", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    duration, err := time.ParseDuration(r.FormValue("duration"))
    if err != nil {
      http.Error(w, err.Error(), 400)
      return
    }
    time.Sleep(duration)
    w.Write([]byte("Hello World"))
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "app#%s (%s) says hello\n", BuildID, state.ID)
  }))
  http.Serve(state.Listener, nil)
  fmt.Printf("app#%s (%s) exiting...\n", BuildID, state.ID)
}

//then create another 'main' which runs the upgrades
//'main()' is run in the initial process
func main() {
  overseer.Run(overseer.Config{
    Program: prog,
    Addresses: []string{":5005", ":5006"},
    //Fetcher: &fetcher.File{Path: "my_app_next"},
    Debug:  false, //display log of overseer actions
  })
}

对比

对比示例的操作步骤

  • 分别构建上面的示例,并记录pid
  • 调用API,在其未返回时,修改内容(Hello World -> Hello Harry),重新构建。查看旧API是否返回旧的内容
  • 调用新API,查看返回的内容是否是新的内容
  • 查看当前运行的pid,是否与之前一致

下面给一下操作命令

# 第一次构建项目
go build grace.go
# 运行项目,这时就可以做内容修改了
./grace &
# 请求项目,60s后返回
curl "http://127.0.0.1:5001/sleep?duration=60s" &
# 再次构建项目,这里是新内容
go build grace.go
# 重启,2096为pid
kill -USR2 2096
# 新API请求
curl "http://127.0.0.1:5001/sleep?duration=1s"


# 第一次构建项目
go build endless.go
# 运行项目,这时就可以做内容修改了
./endless &
# 请求项目,60s后返回
curl "http://127.0.0.1:5003/sleep?duration=60s" &
# 再次构建项目,这里是新内容
go build endless.go
# 重启,22072为pid
kill -1 22072
# 新API请求
curl "http://127.0.0.1:5003/sleep?duration=1s"


# 第一次构建项目
go build -ldflags '-X main.BuildID=1' overseer.go
# 运行项目,这时就可以做内容修改了
./overseer &
# 请求项目,60s后返回
curl "http://127.0.0.1:5005/sleep?duration=60s" &
# 再次构建项目,这里是新内容,注意版本号不同了
go build -ldflags '-X main.BuildID=2' overseer.go
# 重启,28300为主进程pid
kill -USR2 28300
# 新API请求
curl http://127.0.0.1:5005/sleep?duration=1s

对比结果

示例 旧API返回值 新API返回值 旧pid 新pid 结论
grace Hello world Hello Harry 2096 3100 旧API不会断掉,会执行原来的逻辑,pid会变化
endless Hello world Hello Harry 22072 22365 旧API不会断掉,会执行原来的逻辑,pid会变化
overseer Hello world Hello Harry 28300 28300 旧API不会断掉,会执行原来的逻辑,主进程pid不会变化

原理分析

可以看出grace和endless是比较像的。

  • 监听信号
  • 收到信号时fork子进程(使用相同的启动命令),将服务监听的socket文件描述符传递给子进程
  • 子进程监听父进程的socket,这个时候父进程和子进程都可以接收请求
  • 子进程启动成功之后,父进程停止接收新的连接,等待旧连接处理完成(或超时)
  • 父进程退出,升级完成

overseer是不同的,主要是overseer加了一个主进程管理平滑重启,子进程处理链接,能够保持主进程pid不变。

如下图表示的很形象

Golang学习之平滑重启

自己实现

我们下面来尝试自己实现下第一种处理,代码如下,代码来自《热重启golang服务器》:

package main
import (
  "context"
  "errors"
  "flag"
  "log"
  "net"
  "net/http"
  "os"
  "os/exec"
  "os/signal"
  "syscall"
  "time"
)

var (
  server  *http.Server
  listener net.Listener
  graceful = flag.Bool("graceful", false, "listen on fd open 3 (internal use only)")
)

func sleep(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  duration, err := time.ParseDuration(r.FormValue("duration"))
  if err != nil {
    http.Error(w, err.Error(), 400)
    return
  }
  time.Sleep(duration)
  w.Write([]byte("Hello World"))
}

func main() {
  flag.Parse()

  http.HandleFunc("/sleep", sleep)
  server = &http.Server{Addr: ":5007"}

  var err error
  if *graceful {
    log.Print("main: Listening to existing file descriptor 3.")
    // cmd.ExtraFiles: If non-nil, entry i becomes file descriptor 3+i.
    // when we put socket FD at the first entry, it will always be 3(0+3)
    f := os.NewFile(3, "")
    listener, err = net.FileListener(f)
  } else {
    log.Print("main: Listening on a new file descriptor.")
    listener, err = net.Listen("tcp", server.Addr)
  }

  if err != nil {
    log.Fatalf("listener error: %v", err)
  }

  go func() {
    // server.Shutdown() stops Serve() immediately, thus server.Serve() should not be in main goroutine
    err = server.Serve(listener)
    log.Printf("server.Serve err: %v\n", err)
  }()
  signalHandler()
  log.Printf("signal end")
}

func reload() error {
  tl, ok := listener.(*net.TCPListener)
  if !ok {
    return errors.New("listener is not tcp listener")
  }

  f, err := tl.File()
  if err != nil {
    return err
  }

  args := []string{"-graceful"}
  cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], args...)
  cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
  cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
  // put socket FD at the first entry
  cmd.ExtraFiles = []*os.File{f}
  return cmd.Start()
}

func signalHandler() {
  ch := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
  signal.Notify(ch, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGUSR2)
  for {
    sig := <-ch
    log.Printf("signal: %v", sig)

    // timeout context for shutdown
    ctx, _ := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Second)
    switch sig {
    case syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM:
      // stop
      log.Printf("stop")
      signal.Stop(ch)
      server.Shutdown(ctx)
      log.Printf("graceful shutdown")
      return
    case syscall.SIGUSR2:
      // reload
      log.Printf("reload")
      err := reload()
      if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("graceful restart error: %v", err)
      }
      server.Shutdown(ctx)
      log.Printf("graceful reload")
      return
    }
  }
}

代码可参考:https://github.com/CraryPrimitiveMan/go-in-action/tree/master/ch4

关于这一部分,个人的理解也不是特别深入,如果又不正确的地方请大家指正。

参考文章

热重启golang服务器

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