在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

本文将向你展示如何在 Fedora 的命令行解释器(CLI)Shell 中设置一些强大的工具。如果使用bash(默认)或zsh,Fedora 可让你轻松设置这些工具。

前置需求

这需要一些已安装的软件包。在 Fedora 工作站上,运行以下命令:

  1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> dnf install </span><span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">wget</span><span class="pln"> curl ruby ruby</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">devel zsh util</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">linux</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">user redhat</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">rpm</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">config </span><span class="kwd">gcc</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">gcc</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">++</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">make</span>

在 Silverblue 上运行:

  1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> rpm</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ostree install </span><span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">wget</span><span class="pln"> curl ruby ruby</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">devel zsh util</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">linux</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">user redhat</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">rpm</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">config </span><span class="kwd">gcc</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">gcc</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">++</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">make</span>

注意:在 Silverblue 上,你需要重新启动才能继续。

字体

你可以通过安装新字体使终端焕然一新。为什么不使用可以同时显示字符和图标的字体呢?

Nerd-Fonts

打开一个新终端,然后键入以下命令:

  1. <span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">clone</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts ~/.nerd-fonts</span>
  2. <span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">nerd</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fonts</span>
  3. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">./</span><span class="pln">install</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sh</span>

Awesome-Fonts

在工作站上,使用以下命令进行安装:

  1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> dnf fontawesome</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fonts</span>

在 Silverblue 上键入:

  1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> rpm</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ostree install fontawesome</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fonts</span>

Powerline

Powerline 是 vim 的状态行插件,并为其他几个应用程序也提供了状态行和提示符,包括 bash、zsh、tmus、i3、Awesome、IPython 和 Qtile。你也可以在官方文档站点上找到更多信息。

安装

要在 Fedora 工作站上安装 Powerline 实用程序,请打开一个新终端并运行:

  1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> dnf install powerline </span><span class="kwd">vim</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">powerline </span><span class="kwd">tmux</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">powerline powerline</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fonts</span>

在 Silverblue 上,命令更改为:

  1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> rpm</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ostree install powerline </span><span class="kwd">vim</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">powerline </span><span class="kwd">tmux</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">powerline powerline</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fonts</span>

注意:在 Silverblue 上,你需要重新启动才能继续。

激活 Powerline

要使 Powerline 默认处于活动状态,请将下面的代码放在 ~/.bashrc 文件的末尾:

  1. <span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f </span><span class="str">`which powerline-daemon`</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">];</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">then</span>
  2. <span class="pln"> powerline</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">daemon </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">q</span>
  3. <span class="pln"> POWERLINE_BASH_CONTINUATION</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">1</span>
  4. <span class="pln"> POWERLINE_BASH_SELECT</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">1</span>
  5. <span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">powerline</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">bash</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">powerline</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sh</span>
  6. <span class="kwd">fi</span>

最后,关闭终端并打开一个新终端。它看起来像这样:

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

Oh-My-Zsh

Oh-My-Zsh 是用于管理 Zsh 配置的框架。它捆绑了有用的功能、插件和主题。要了解如何将 Zsh 设置为默认外壳程序,请参见这篇文章

安装

在终端中输入:

  1. <span class="pln">sh </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c </span><span class="str">"$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"</span>

或者,你也可以输入以下内容:

  1. <span class="pln">sh </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c </span><span class="str">"$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"</span>

最后,你将看到如下所示的终端:

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

恭喜,Oh-my-zsh 已安装成功。

主题

安装后,你可以选择主题。我喜欢使用 powerlevel10k。优点之一是它比 powerlevel9k 主题快 100 倍。要安装它,请运行以下命令行:

  1. <span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">clone</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/powerlevel10k</span>

并在你的 ~/.zshrc 文件设置 ZSH_THEME

  1. <span class="pln">ZSH_THEME</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">powerlevel10k</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">powerlevel10k</span>

关闭终端。再次打开终端时,powerlevel10k 配置向导将询问你几个问题以正确配置提示符。

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

完成 powerline10k 配置向导后,你的提示符将如下所示:

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

如果你不喜欢它。你可以随时使用 p10k configure 命令来运行 powerline10k 向导。

启用插件

插件存储在 .oh-my-zsh/plugins 文件夹中。要激活插件,你需要编辑 ~/.zshrc 文件。安装插件意味着你创建了一系列执行特定功能的别名或快捷方式。

例如,要启用 firewalld 和 git 插件,请首先编辑 ~/.zshrc

  1. <span class="pln">plugins</span><span class="pun">=(</span><span class="pln">firewalld </span><span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pun">)</span>

注意:使用空格分隔插件名称列表。

然后重新加载配置:

  1. <span class="pln">source </span><span class="pun">~/.</span><span class="pln">zshrc</span>

要查看创建的别名,请使用以下命令:

  1. <span class="kwd">alias</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">grep</span><span class="pln"> firewall</span>在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

更多配置

我建议安装语法高亮和语法自动建议插件。

  1. <span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">clone</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting</span>
  2. <span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">clone</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions</span>

将它们添加到文件 ~/.zshrc 的插件列表中。

  1. <span class="pln">plugins</span><span class="pun">=(</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">plugins</span><span class="pun">...]</span><span class="pln"> zsh</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">syntax</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">highlighting zsh</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">autosuggestions</span><span class="pun">)</span>

重新加载配置。

  1. <span class="pln">source </span><span class="pun">~/.</span><span class="pln">zshrc</span>

查看结果:

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

在Fedora上优化bash或zsh

彩色的文件夹和图标

colorls 是一个 ruby gem,可使用颜色和超棒的字体图标美化终端的 ls 命令。你可以访问官方网站以获取更多信息。

因为它是个 ruby gem,所以请按照以下简单步骤操作:

  1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> gem install colorls</span>

要保持最新状态,只需执行以下操作:

  1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> gem update colorls</span>

为防止每次输入 colorls,你可以在 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc 中创建别名。

  1. <span class="kwd">alias</span><span class="pln"> ll</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">'colorls -lA --sd --gs --group-directories-first'</span>
  2. <span class="kwd">alias</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">ls</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">'colorls --group-directories-first'</span>

另外,你可以为 colorls 的选项启用制表符补完功能,只需在 shell 配置末尾输入以下行:

  1. <span class="pln">source $</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">dirname</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">$gem which colorls</span><span class="pun">))/</span><span class="pln">tab_complete</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sh</span>

重新加载并查看会发生什么:

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