使用RMAN将RAC+ASM复制到单实例+ASM上

本次试验将部署到ASM上的双节点RAC复制到单实例的ASM上。该试验也是出自于一个项目的需求，在虚拟机上演练操作特此记录。之前已经做过多次RMAN复制数据库，这次试验的特点是从RAC复制到单实例。需要注意的以下内容：

1，spfile参数问题
RAC下的spfile参数中记录了很多和集群相关的信息，在复制时需要修改。比如
*.cluster_database=true
PROD2.instance_number=2
PROD1.instance_number=1
*.remote_listener='cluster-scan:1521'
PROD2.thread=2
PROD1.thread=1
PROD2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
PROD1.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1’
和RAC相关的信息可以选择注释掉，或者删除。

2，undo表空间问题
双节点RAC的备份集中会产生2个undo表空间及其数据文件，而单实例数据库只需要一个undo表空间。使用RAC的备份集在单实例数据库上恢复后，可以手工删除多余的那个undo表空间及其数据文件，通常是undotbs2

3，redo问题
双节点RAC的控制文件的备份中记录的是两个实例的redo信息，恢复完成后在open resetlogs打开数据库后回创建出thread2的online redo log，也就是节点2的联机日志。同undotbs2的处理原则一样，删除之。

1，RAC 端rman全备数据库到/backup目录下。

[Oracle@node1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Sep 29 03:15:49 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: PROD (DBID=271163854)

RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> allocate channel c2 type disk;
4> backup tag 'full' format '/backup/full_%U.bak'
5> database include current controlfile;
6> sql 'alter system archive log current';
7> backup tag 'arch' format '/backup/arch_%U.arc'
8> archivelog all;
9> release channel c1;
10> release channel c2;
11> }

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size      Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
43      Full    522.99M    DISK        00:00:04    2014-09-29 03:05:29
        BP Key: 43  Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: FULL
        Piece Name: /backup/full_1bpjmdbl_1_1.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 43
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  2      Full 1298717    2014-09-29 03:05:25 +DATA/prod/datafile/sysaux.257.859325451
  4      Full 1298717    2014-09-29 03:05:25 +DATA/prod/datafile/users.259.859325451
  5      Full 1298717    2014-09-29 03:05:25 +DATA/prod/datafile/example.264.859325525
  6      Full 1298717    2014-09-29 03:05:25 +DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs2.265.859325695

BS Key  Type LV Size      Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
44      Full    649.16M    DISK        00:00:04    2014-09-29 03:05:29
        BP Key: 44  Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: FULL
        Piece Name: /backup/full_1cpjmdbl_1_1.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 44
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  1      Full 1298719    2014-09-29 03:05:25 +DATA/prod/datafile/system.256.859325451
  3      Full 1298719    2014-09-29 03:05:25 +DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs1.258.859325451
  7      Full 1298719    2014-09-29 03:05:25 +DATA/prod/datafile/goldengate.269.859338811

BS Key  Type LV Size      Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
45      Full    80.00K    DISK        00:00:00    2014-09-29 03:05:32
        BP Key: 45  Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: FULL
        Piece Name: /backup/full_1epjmdbs_1_1.bak          << 参数文件所在备份片，后面恢复时候需要用到

  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2014-09-29 02:02:18 
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PROD

BS Key  Type LV Size      Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
46      Full    17.80M    DISK        00:00:01    2014-09-29 03:05:33
        BP Key: 46  Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: FULL
        Piece Name: /backup/full_1dpjmdbs_1_1.bak            << 控制文件所在备份片，后面恢复时候需要用到

  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1298731      Ckp time: 2014-09-29 03:05:32

BS Key  Size      Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
47      53.63M    DISK        00:00:00    2014-09-29 03:05:44
        BP Key: 47  Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: ARCH
        Piece Name: /backup/arch_1gpjmdc8_1_1.arc

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 47
  Thrd Seq    Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN  Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
  1    28      1260638    2014-09-28 23:53:08 1260655    2014-09-28 23:53:11
  1    29      1260655    2014-09-28 23:53:11 1298750    2014-09-29 03:05:34
  1    30      1298750    2014-09-29 03:05:34 1298772    2014-09-29 03:05:40
  2    24      1260645    2014-09-28 23:53:19 1260660    2014-09-28 23:53:22
  2    25      1260660    2014-09-28 23:53:22 1298755    2014-09-29 03:05:42
  2    26      1298755    2014-09-29 03:05:42 1298767    2014-09-29 03:05:45

BS Key  Size      Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
48      62.20M    DISK        00:00:00    2014-09-29 03:05:44
        BP Key: 48  Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: ARCH
        Piece Name: /backup/arch_1fpjmdc8_1_1.arc

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 48
  Thrd Seq    Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN  Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
  1    25      1211968    2014-09-28 19:28:25 1221060    2014-09-28 20:26:23
  1    26      1221060    2014-09-28 20:26:23 1221084    2014-09-28 20:26:29
  1    27      1221084    2014-09-28 20:26:29 1260638    2014-09-28 23:53:08
  2    21      1211964    2014-09-28 19:28:23 1221067    2014-09-28 20:26:25
  2    22      1221067    2014-09-28 20:26:25 1221089    2014-09-28 20:26:31
  2    23      1221089    2014-09-28 20:26:31 1260645    2014-09-28 23:53:19

--------------------------------------推荐阅读 --------------------------------------

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2，RAC端使用scp传输备份集到单实例端/home/oracle目录下
[oracle@node1 ~]$ scp /backup/* oracle@172.16.228.8:/home/oracle

单实例端查看接收到的备份集
[oracle@single ~]$ ls -l /home/oracle
total 1338624
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  65219584 Oct  8 21:39 arch_1fpjmdc8_1_1.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  56237568 Oct  8 21:39 arch_1gpjmdc8_1_1.arc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 548405248 Oct  8 21:39 full_1bpjmdbl_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 680697856 Oct  8 21:40 full_1cpjmdbl_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  18677760 Oct  8 21:40 full_1dpjmdbs_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    98304 Oct  8 21:40 full_1epjmdbs_1_1.bak

3，单实例端使用RMAN从备份集中恢复pfile到/home/oracle/racpfile.ora
$ rman target /

RMAN> startup nomount;

RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/home/oracle/racpfile.ora' from '/home/oracle/full_1epjmdbs_1_1.bak';

4，单实例端修改pfile文件，将集群相关的信息全部注释掉
[oracle@single ~]$ cat racpfile.ora
##PROD1.__db_cache_size=146800640
##PROD2.__db_cache_size=176160768
##PROD1.__java_pool_size=4194304
##PROD2.__java_pool_size=4194304
##PROD1.__large_pool_size=8388608
##PROD2.__large_pool_size=8388608
##PROD1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
##PROD1.__pga_aggregate_target=289406976
##PROD2.__pga_aggregate_target=293601280
##PROD1.__sga_target=385875968
##PROD2.__sga_target=381681664
##PROD1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
##PROD2.__shared_io_pool_size=0
##PROD1.__shared_pool_size=218103808
##PROD2.__shared_pool_size=184549376
##PROD1.__streams_pool_size=0
##PROD2.__streams_pool_size=0
##*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/adump'
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/PROD/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
##*.cluster_database=true  << 集群
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
##*.control_files='+DATA/prod/controlfile/current.260.859325519','+ARCH/prod/controlfile/current.256.859325519'
*.control_files='+DATA/PROD/controlfile/control01.ctl','+FRA/PROD/controlfile/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='PROD'
##*.db_recovery_file_dest='+ARCH'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
##*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PRODXDB)'
*.enable_goldengate_replication=TRUE
##PROD2.instance_number=2
##PROD1.instance_number=1
##*.memory_target=675282944
*.memory_target=583008256
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
##*.remote_listener='cluster-scan:1521'  << scan IP
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
##PROD2.thread=2
##PROD1.thread=1
##PROD2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
##PROD1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'                << 此处只保留unodtbs1的参数，在后面的恢复中还是会将undotbs2给恢复出来。

5，单实例端SQLPLUS使用修改后的pfile文件启动实例到nomount状态
SYS@PROD >startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/racpfile.ora;

6，单实例端创建spfile到ASM磁盘组中的+DATA/PROD
SYS@PROD >create spfile='+DATA/PROD/spfilePROD.ora' from memory;

7，单实例端创建pfile，指引spfile的文件位置
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initPROD.ora

spfile='+DATA/PROD/spfilePROD.ora'

8，单实例端使用RMAN启动到nomount状态
RMAN> startup force nomount;

RMAN> set DBID=271163854

9，单实例端使用RAMN从备份集中恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/full_1dpjmdbs_1_1.bak’;

10，单实例端mount数据库
RMAN> mount database;

11，单实例端注册备份集的路径
RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle';

12，单实例端列出控制文件中记录的数据文件
RMAN> report schema;

RMAN-06139: WARNING: control file is not current for REPORT SCHEMA
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name PROD

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace          RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    0        SYSTEM              ***    +DATA/prod/datafile/system.256.859325451
2    0        SYSAUX              ***    +DATA/prod/datafile/sysaux.257.859325451
3    0        UNDOTBS1            ***    +DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs1.258.859325451
4    0        USERS                ***    +DATA/prod/datafile/users.259.859325451
5    0        EXAMPLE              ***    +DATA/prod/datafile/example.264.859325525
6    0        UNDOTBS2            ***    +DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs2.265.859325695
7    0        GOLDENGATE          ***    +DATA/prod/datafile/goldengate.269.859338811

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace          Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    20      TEMP                32767      +DATA/prod/tempfile/temp.263.859325523