HTML5的五种客户端离线存储方案

最近折腾HTML5游戏需要离线存储功能,便把目前可用的几种HTML5存储方式研究了下,基于HT for Web写了个综合的实例,分别利用了Cookie、WebStorage、IndexedDB以及FileSystem四种本地离线存储方式,对燃气监控系统的表计位置、朝向、开关以及表值等信息做了CURD的存取操作。

HTML5的存储还有一种Web SQL Database方式,虽然还有浏览器支持,是唯一的关系数据库结构的存储,但W3C以及停止对其的维护和发展,所以这里我们也不再对其进行介绍:Beware. This specification is no longer in active maintenance and the Web Applications Working Group does not intend to maintain it further.

HTML5的五种客户端离线存储方案

整个示例主要就是将HT for Web的DataModel数据模型信息进行序列化和反序列化,这个过程很简单通过dataModel.serialize()将模型序列化成JSON字符串,通过dataModel.deserialize(jsonString)将JSON字符串内存反序列化出模型信息,而存储主要就是主要就是针对JSON字符串进行操作。

HTML5的五种客户端离线存储方案

先介绍最简单的存储方式LocalStorage,代码如下,几乎不用介绍就是Key-Value的简单键值对存储结构,Web Storage除了localStorage的持久性存储外,还有针对本次回话的sessionStorage方式,一般情况下localStorage较为常用

function save(dataModel){
 var value = dataModel.serialize();
 window.localStorage['DataModel'] = value;
 window.localStorage['DataCount'] = dataModel.size();
 console.log(dataModel.size() + ' datas are saved');
 return value;
}
function restore(dataModel){ 
 var value = window.localStorage['DataModel'];
 if(value){
 dataModel.deserialize(value);
 console.log(window.localStorage['DataCount'] + ' datas are restored');
 return value;
 } 
 return '';
}
function clear(){
 if(window.localStorage['DataModel']){
 console.log(window.localStorage['DataCount'] + ' datas are cleared');
 delete window.localStorage['DataModel'];
 delete window.localStorage['DataCount']; 
 } 
}

最古老的存储方式为Cookie,本例中我只能保存一个图元的信息,这种存储方式存储内容很有限,只适合做简单信息存储,存取接口设计得极其反人类,为了介绍HTML5存储方案的完整性我顺便把他给列上:

function getCookieValue(name) {
 if (document.cookie.length > 0) {
 var start = document.cookie.indexOf(name + "=");
 if (start !== -1) {
 start = start + name.length + 1;
 var end = document.cookie.indexOf(";", start);
 if (end === -1){
 end = document.cookie.length;
 }
 return unescape(document.cookie.substring(start, end));
 }
 }
 return '';
}
function save(dataModel) {
 var value = dataModel.serialize();
 document.cookie = 'DataModel=' + escape(value);
 document.cookie = 'DataCount=' + dataModel.size(); 
 console.log(dataModel.size() + ' datas are saved');
 return value;
}
function restore(dataModel){ 
 var value = getCookieValue('DataModel');
 if(value){
 dataModel.deserialize(value);
 console.log(getCookieValue('DataCount') + ' datas are restored');
 return value;
 } 
 return '';
}
function clear() {
 if(getCookieValue('DataModel')){
 console.log(getCookieValue('DataCount') + ' datas are cleared');
 document.cookie = "DataModel=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC";
 document.cookie = "DataCount=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC"; 
 }
}

如今比较实用强大的存储方式为Indexed Database API,IndexedDB可以存储结构对象,可构建key和index的索引方式查找,目前各浏览器的已经逐渐支持IndexedDB的存储方式,其使用代码如下,需注意IndexedDB的很多操作接口类似NodeJS的异步回调方式,特别是查询时连cursor的continue都是异步再次回调onsuccess函数的操作方式,因此和NodeJS一样使用上不如同步的代码容易。

request = indexedDB.open("DataModel");
request.onupgradeneeded = function() { 
 db = request.result;
 var store = db.createObjectStore("meters", {keyPath: "id"});
 store.createIndex("by_tag", "tag", {unique: true});
 store.createIndex("by_name", "name"); 
};
request.onsuccess = function() {
 db = request.result;
};
function save(dataModel){
 var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readwrite");
 var store = tx.objectStore("meters");
 dataModel.each(function(data){
 store.put({
 id: data.getId(),
 tag: data.getTag(),
 name: data.getName(),
 meterValue: data.a('meter.value'),
 meterAngle: data.a('meter.angle'),
 p3: data.p3(),
 r3: data.r3(),
 s3: data.s3()
 }); 
 }); 
 tx.oncomplete = function() {
 console.log(dataModel.size() + ' datas are saved');
 }; 
 return dataModel.serialize();
}
function restore(dataModel){ 
 var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readonly");
 var store = tx.objectStore("meters");
 var req = store.openCursor(); 
 var nodes = [];
 req.onsuccess = function() { 
 var res = req.result;
 if(res){
 var value = res.value;
 var node = createNode();
 node.setId(value.id);
 node.setTag(value.tag);
 node.setName(value.name); 
 node.a({
 'meter.value': value.meterValue,
 'meter.angle': value.meterAngle
 });
 node.p3(value.p3); 
 node.r3(value.r3);
 node.s3(value.s3);
 nodes.push(node); 
 res.continue();
 }else{
 if(nodes.length){
 dataModel.clear();
 nodes.forEach(function(node){
 dataModel.add(node); 
 });
 console.log(dataModel.size() + ' datas are restored');
 } 
 } 
 }; 
 return '';
}
function clear(){
 var tx = db.transaction("meters", "readwrite");
 var store = tx.objectStore("meters");
 var req = store.openCursor();
 var count = 0;
 req.onsuccess = function(event) { 
 var res = event.target.result;
 if(res){
 store.delete(res.value.id);
 res.continue();
 count++;
 }else{
 console.log(count + ' datas are cleared');
 } 
 };
}

最后是FileSystem API相当于操作本地文件的存储方式,目前支持浏览器不多,其接口标准也在发展制定变化中,例如在我写这个代码时大部分文献使用的webkitStorageInfo已被navigator.webkitPersistentStorage和navigator.webkitTemporaryStorage替代,存储的文件可通过filesystem的URL方式在chrome浏览器中查找到,甚至可通过filesy类似目录的访问,因此也可以动态生成图片到本地文件,然后通过filesystem:http:***的URL方式直接赋值给img的html元素的src访问,因此本地存储打开了一扇新的门,相信以后会冒出更多稀奇古怪的奇葩应用。

navigator.webkitPersistentStorage.queryUsageAndQuota(function (usage, quota) {
 console.log('PERSISTENT: ' + usage + '/' + quota + ' - ' + usage / quota + '%');
 }
);
navigator.webkitPersistentStorage.requestQuota(2 * 1024 * 1024,
 function (grantedBytes) {
 window.webkitRequestFileSystem(window.PERSISTENT, grantedBytes,
 function (fs) {
 window.fs = fs;
 });
 }
);
function save(dataModel) {
 var value = dataModel.serialize();
 fs.root.getFile('meters.txt', {create: true}, function (fileEntry) {
 console.log(fileEntry.toURL());
 fileEntry.createWriter(function (fileWriter) {
 fileWriter.onwriteend = function () {
 console.log(dataModel.size() + ' datas are saved');
 };
 var blob = new Blob([value], {type: 'text/plain'});
 fileWriter.write(blob);
 });
 });
 return value;
}
function restore(dataModel) {
 fs.root.getFile('meters.txt', {}, function (fileEntry) {
 fileEntry.file(function (file) {
 var reader = new FileReader();
 reader.onloadend = function (e) {
 dataModel.clear();
 dataModel.deserialize(reader.result);
 console.log(dataModel.size() + ' datas are restored');
 };
 reader.readAsText(file);
 });
 });
 return '';
}
function clear() {
 fs.root.getFile('meters.txt', {create: false}, function(fileEntry) {
 fileEntry.remove(function() {
 console.log(fileEntry.toURL() + ' is removed');
 });
 }); 
}

HTML5的五种客户端离线存储方案

Browser-Side的存储方式还在快速的发展中,其实除了以上几种外还有Application Cache,相信将来还会有新秀出现,虽然“云”是大趋势,但客户端并非要走极端的“瘦”方案,这么多年冒出了这么多客户端存储方式,说明让客户端更强大的市场需求是强烈的,当然目前动荡阶段苦逼的是客户端程序员,除了要适配Mouse和Touch,还要适配各种屏,如今还得考虑适配各种存储,希望本文能在大家选型客户端存储方案时有点帮助

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