Flask基础

Flask简单使用

  1、定义路由
      @app.route(‘/‘)是装饰器,定义如下:
      app.route(rule, options)
        rule参数:是绑定URL与函数。
        options参数:是可选参数。

  2、run() 函数来让应用运行在本地服务器上。定义如下 :
      app.run(host, port, debug, options)
      host:服务器主机名,默认是127.0.0.1 (localhost),如果设置0.0.0.0可以在本机之外访问。
      port:主机端口,默认是5000。
      debug:调试模式,默认是false;如果设置true,服务器会在代码修改后自动重新载入。
      options:可选参数。

from flask import Flask

app=Flask(__name__) #创建1个Flask实例

@app.route(‘/‘)      #路由系统生成 视图对应url,1. decorator=app.route() 2. decorator(first_flask)
def first_flask():    #视图函数
    return ‘Hello World‘  #response


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    app.run()              #启动socket

 实例登陆注册

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate>
    <!--<input type="text" name="name">-->
    <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p>

    <!--<input type="password" name="pwd">-->
    <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

login.html

login.html

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets


app=Flask(__name__,template_folder=‘templates‘) #知道模板文件
app.debug=True

#登录验证实例
class LoginForm(Form):

    #不同的字段 内部包含正则表达式 html5.EmailField | html5.DateTimeField...
    name=simple.StringField(
        label=‘用户名‘,
        validators=[                                #验证规则和错误提示信息
            validators.DataRequired(message=‘用户名不能为空.‘),
            validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message=‘用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d‘)
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),                 #前端页面显示的插件.TextArea
        render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘}      #设置form标签的class信息

        )

    # 不同的字段 内部包含正则表达式  html5.EmailField | html5.DateTimeField...
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label=‘密码‘,
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message=‘密码不能为空.‘),
            validators.Length(min=8, message=‘用户名长度必须大于%(min)d‘),
            #自定义验证规则
            validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\$!%*?&]{8,}",
                              message=‘密码至少8个字符,至少1个大写字母,1个小写字母,1个数字和1个特殊字符‘)

        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘}
    )



@app.route(‘/login/‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘])
def login():
    if request.method == ‘GET‘:
        form = LoginForm()     #实例化 form验证类
        return render_template(‘login.html‘, form=form)
    else:
        form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate(): #判断是否验证成功?
            print(‘用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:‘, form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template(‘login.html‘, form=form)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    app.run()

app01.py

用户注册页面

#用户注册
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder=‘templates‘)
app.debug = True



class RegisterForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        label=‘用户名‘,
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired()
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘},
        default=‘张根‘                                             #设置input标签中默认值
    )

    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label=‘密码‘,
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message=‘密码不能为空.‘)
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘}
    )

    pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(                                #第二次输入密码
        label=‘重复密码‘,
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message=‘重复密码不能为空.‘),
            validators.EqualTo(‘pwd‘, message="两次密码输入不一致")  #验证2次输入的密码是否一致?
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘}
    )

    email = html5.EmailField(
        label=‘邮箱‘,
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message=‘邮箱不能为空.‘),
            validators.Email(message=‘邮箱格式错误‘)
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type=‘email‘),    #生成email input标签
        render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘}
    )

    gender = core.RadioField(
        label=‘性别‘,
        choices=(                                        #choice radio选项
            (1, ‘男‘),
            (2, ‘女‘),
        ),
        coerce=int                                       #讲用户提交过来的 ‘4‘ 强制转成 int 4
    )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label=‘城市‘,
        choices=(
            (‘bj‘, ‘北京‘),
            (‘sh‘, ‘上海‘),
        )
    )

    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(                      #select 下拉框多选框
        label=‘爱好‘,
        choices=(
            (1, ‘篮球‘),
            (2, ‘足球‘),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )

    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label=‘喜好‘,
        choices=(
            (1, ‘篮球‘),
            (2, ‘足球‘),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),        #生成Checkbox 多选框
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, 2]
    )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):                        #重写form验证类的__init__方法可以实时同步数据中数据
        super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.favor.choices = ((1, ‘篮球‘), (2, ‘足球‘), (3, ‘羽毛球‘))


    def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field):                       #wtforms验证 钩子函数
        """
        自定义pwd_confirm字段规则,例:与pwd字段是否一致
        :param field:
        :return:
        """
        # 最开始初始化时,self.data中已经有所有的值

        if field.data != self.data[‘pwd‘]:
            # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证
            raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致")  # 不再继续后续验证


@app.route(‘/register/‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘])
def register():
    if request.method == ‘GET‘:
        form = RegisterForm(data={‘gender‘: 1})  #默认值
        return render_template(‘register.html‘, form=form)
    else:
        form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print(‘用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:‘, form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template(‘register.html‘, form=form)



if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    app.run()
app02.py

app02.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户注册</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0  50px">
    {% for item in form %}
    <p>{{item.label}}: {{item}} {{item.errors[0] }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

register.html

register.html